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Using modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency. As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human endeavour. This is a typical map published in the s. It incorporates the features which maps through the ages have focused on — describing the landscape — in this case the location and names of places, rivers etc and the coastline.
In addition to this, it is colourful, has no decoration and gives an indication of the height of the land and depth of the sea — a theme. Enter your Keywords. History of Mapping. Breadcrumb Home Fundamentals of Mapping.
In the Beginning This tablet circa BC , which is in the collection of the British Museum, is an excellent example of Babylonian clay tablet maps.
Maps are essentially tools which: for the map maker, record the location of places of interest. A clay tablet created around to B. It was more primordial: to help the map-holder grasp the idea of the whole world, with himself at the center.
The first great attempt to make mapping realistic came in the second century A. Ptolemy gathered documents detailing the locations of towns, and he augmented that information with the tales of travelers.
By the time he was done, he had devised a system of lines of latitude and longitude, and plotted some 10, locations—from Britain to Europe, Asia and North Africa. Ptolemy even invented ways to flatten the planet like most Greeks and Romans, he knew the Earth was round onto a two-dimensional map.
What did he call his new technique? Other Christian maps cared even less about accuracy: They were mappaemundi, designed to show how the story of Christ penetrated the world. The most famous of these was made in Hereford, England—a massive 5- by 4-foot creation drawn on a single animal skin.
At the top of the map—which faced east, the holiest direction—were pictures showing Adam and Eve tossed out of Eden, and Christ returning on the Day of Judgment. It was designed to guide you to heaven. An early Spanish explorer, possibly confused by the Baja Peninsula, reported in the 16th century that California was surrounded by water on all sides.
This error was enshrined by the Amsterdam mapmaker Michiel Colijn in , and California was drawn as an island well into the 18th century. This mountain range, depicted in a stretch near the west coast of Africa, was first drawn up in by the British cartographer James Rennell and copied throughout most of the 19th century. Finally, in , a French adventurer went to the region and reported that there were barely even any hills there. As the Renaissance dawned, maps began to improve.
Commerce demanded it—ships were crossing oceans, and kings engaged in empire-building needed to chart their lands. But Ptolemy thought the world was 30 percent smaller than it actually is; worse, the mapmaker was using Arabian miles, which were longer than Italian ones.
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Develop and improve products. List of Partners vendors. Share Flipboard Email. Amanda Briney. Geography Expert. Amanda Briney, M. Updated October 07, Featured Video. Cite this Article Format. Briney, Amanda. The History of Cartography.
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