For every females ages 18 and old there were The population density was Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3. There were households of which The median age was 37 years. For every females age 18 and over, there were About 4. NJ Transit provides bus service to Philadelphia on the route and to Atlantic City on the route. Quick facts for kids.
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A large number of residents were laborers, but there were also several innkeepers, teamsters, stage drivers, teachers, ministers, and merchants, as well as the county clerk, surrogate, jailer, and doctor, as might be expected in a small community. With a railroad link in place, cotton milling was begun in Mays Landing in , and it continued to be the economic mainstay of the town for over eighty years. The oldest remaining building from that mill complex appears to be the three-story rectangular one in the center of the present Wheaton Industries complex.
The exterior is of brick laid in plain bond with tie bolts showing. The mill and the modest company-owned houses in which the workers lived still stand.
Many workers lived in houses that were constructed by the company in the blocks adjacent to the mill or on the north side of the Great Egg Harbor River. The company also moved houses into Mays Landing in the s. The group of one-and-a-half-story houses on Longwood Avenue are workers' houses that originally stood in nearby Belcoville.
The mill was owned by R. Wood, a Philadelphia businessman who also owned a cotton mill in Millville. When the mill opened it immediately became the town's largest employer, giving work to roughly a quarter of the town's residents.
In , it employed 42 men, 57 women, and 29 children, more people than were employed in any other single profession or business in Mays Landing.
There were still some farmers and sea captains in Mays Landing at the time, but there were also many young people, not heads of families, at work in the mill. In this respect, Mays Landing was like many larger industrial cities.
As the nineteenth century advanced, the number of farmers fell and the number of industrial workers, including women and children, steadily increased. By the late s, the plant employed over men, women and children, a figure that rose to approximately throughout the s. By the late s about 25 percent of the town's workforce still worked there. In addition to living in company-constructed housing, the workers bought many of their necessities at the company store now a Masonic Lodge and coal yard.
Their electricity, which was shut off at a specified hour each evening, was provided by the company's powerhouse, built in When the power to the homes was shut down the electricity generated was sold to the Atlantic City Electric Company.
It is not difficult to imagine the degree of control over labor that this system gave to the company, especially in an era when the balance of power between labor and capital decidedly favored capital. The system did provide inexpensive, well-maintained housing and a measure of security in times when work was slow.
William Hoover, who lived through the Depression in Mays Landing, explained how the factory kept the workforce afloat: "People could charge at the [company] store on charge accounts that would be taken out of their pay from the cotton mill. They were allowed books, four or five dollar books. That's what they were allowed for the week and they had to make them last until the following week when payday came around.
There were no other jobs in Mays Landing for them to work at except the cotton mill. They depended upon the cotton mill for everything, and the [company] store.
Despite the apparent advantages of the system, many found it despotic. The worker could not only be fired, he could also be evicted from his home. Debts that he owed after buying merchandise on credit could be called in at any time. The system also prevented the workers from accumulating capital in the form of home equity. It is hardly surprising that the New Jersey legislature abolished these arrangements by law shortly after World War I.
It is perhaps more surprising that there was little evidence of labor unrest until World War II. In the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, the cotton mill attracted eastern European immigrants to join its workforce. They organized the St. Until that time, the nearest Catholic church had been in Egg Harbor City, on account of its large German population.
During the same years, construction of houses and commercial buildings continued in the area bounded by Main Street, Mill Street, and Cape May Avenue. The Coleman Mansion, a large hotel, started operation at 44 Main Street near the turn of the century. George Jackson, a brickyard owner, bought this hotel about and renamed it the Jackson House. In its history, it has had several names, including the Madison Hotel, the Homestead, and the Central Hotel. An important landmark in town, the hotel operated for many years and undoubtedly accommodated some of the people who came to Mays Landing for the business of the court.
A growing population required additional services, and a brief spurt of public building occurred just after the turn of the century. Two schools, a waterworks, Hamilton Township Hall, and a new sheriff's residence date from that time and are all still in use. The town built the J. Harold Duberson School on Farragut Avenue in , after the State Board of Education complained that the schools of Mays Landing were so grossly inadequate as to be endangering the future welfare of the students attending them.
The school is an example of the Neo-Classical Revival style very popular for schools at the time. In the s, Mays Landing also built a red, one-room schoolhouse which is still in use today on Mill Street. Near the turn of the century, the town set aside public land which is today Memorial Park adjacent to the courthouse complex.
Local philanthropist, John W. Underhill, who for many years was the town's only black resident, left his estate to Hamilton Township in , since he had no heirs. Part of his bequest funded a fountain, trees, walks, and other improvements to the park. The park is a pleasant open space in the center of town and now includes park benches, trees, and war memorials.
Eventually the county created Gaskill Park, named for an early Mays Landing shipbuilder. By partially filling in the river, the county government has created a place for people to enjoy the waterfront.
The architecture of Mays Landing exhibits two characteristic features of the community: the lateness of its major economic developments, and the conservatism with which they were expressed. The more-or-less Federal-style design of the courthouse probably represents one of the last times that style was employed in an important public building in New Jersey. The arrival of the railroad in the s took place two decades after railroads came to advantageously located towns and cities of the New Jersey corridor.
The opening of the cotton mill by a water-power company in the s repeated the experiences of Trenton and New Brunswick in the s. The town's nineteenth century hotels show little, if any, architectural evolution from high quality taverns of the late eighteenth century. The domestic, commercial, and ecclesiastical architecture of Mays Landing exhibits local preferences for established styles over new ones, as in the continued use of the Italian Villa and Gothic Revival styles after the Civil War.
The general absence in the town of architect-designed buildings is consistent with this conservatism. Government buildings form Mays Landing's most conspicuous architecture. The county courthouse and adjacent jail constituted the necessary beginnings for the county seat. Both have been enlarged and altered as their improvement became necessary to a growing Atlantic County. The Sheriff's house is an unusual feature, and one that suggests both the power and prestige of the sheriff's office in New Jersey generally and in Atlantic County in particular.
The largest houses in town belonged to people whose activities centered around the county government. This feature is perhaps best exemplified by the Abbott House on Main Street, a local landmark in the Second Empire style, and the home of the town's first native-born attorney. At the time of its construction in the 's the house probably created an even stronger impression on Main Street than it does today.
William Moore Jr. Mays Landing's other public buildings, which include schools, a town hall, and a waterworks, are in various styles, but most incorporate the classical elements deemed appropriate to public architecture in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Pros Entertainment Nearby beaches Favorable climate. Cons Tourist impact Cost of living Arts and culture.
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